The following table lists those fruit and nut trees that do not require any hours of chilling in order to fruit productively. However some of these trees are cold sensitive and cannot survive in our current local climate without added protection over winter.
Most Australian Bushfood plants fall into the no chill category and probably deserve more attention.
|
Common Name |
Genus & Species |
Min Temp |
|
Pinenuts |
Pinus spp. |
-22 |
|
Passionfruit |
Passiflora spp |
-10 |
|
Loquat |
Eriobotrya japonica |
-10 |
|
Jujubes |
Zizyphus jujuba |
-10 |
|
Paper mulberry |
Broussonetia papyrifera |
-10 |
|
Carob |
Ceratonia siliqua |
-7 |
|
Sugarcane |
Saccharum officinarum |
-5 |
|
Calamondin |
x Citrofortunella mitis |
-5 |
|
Mandarin ? Satsuma |
Citrus spp. |
-5 |
|
Strawberry Guava |
Psidium cattleianum |
-5 |
|
Mesquite |
Prosopis spp. |
-4 |
|
Lemon |
Citrus spp. |
-4 |
|
Orange |
Citrus spp. |
-4 |
|
Avocado |
Persea spp. |
-3 |
|
Longan |
Dimocarpus longan |
-3 |
|
Mountain Paw Paw |
Carica pubescens |
-3 |
|
Tamarillo |
Cyphomandra betacea |
-2 |
|
Babaco |
Carica heilbornii var pentagona |
-2 |
|
Cherimoya |
Annona cherimola |
-2 |
|
Banana |
Musa spp. |
-2 |
|
Rosella |
Hibiscus spp. |
0 |
|
Macadamia |
Macadamia tetraphylla |
0 |
|
Davidson's Plum |
Davidsonia jerseyana |
0 |
|
American Paw Paw |
Asimina triloba |
? |
While these trees do require some chilling to fruit well the number of hours is within the range we might expect in the next 50 years. A 7 ºC increase in average temperature would mean that Bega would receive around 200 chilling hours each winter by 2100.
|
Common Name |
Genus & Species |
Chill hours |
|
Feijoa |
Feijoa sellowiana |
>75 |
|
Lychee |
Litchi chinensis |
100-200 |
|
Pomegranate |
Punica granatum |
100-200 |
|
Persimmon |
Diospyros kaki |
100-200 |
|
Quince |
Cydonia oblonga |
100-400 |
|
Figs |
Ficus carica |
100-500 |
|
Grapes ? European |
Vitis vinifera |
100-500 |
|
Strawberry |
Fragaria x Ananassa |
200-400 |
|
Olives |
Olea europaea |
200-600 |
|
Almond |
Prunus dulcis |
300-500 |
|
Kumquat |
Fortunella |
300-500 |
|
Mulberry |
Morus spp |
400 |
|
Damson |
Prunus insititia |
? |
Breeding efforts have created low chill varieties of fruits and nuts that are normally considered high chill. These low chill varieties have been listed where known. A lot of breeding work has occurred in Florida, USA and in QLD, Australia. Releases of new varieties from these areas are generally low chill varieties.
|
Common Name |
Genus & Species |
Chill hours |
|
Blackberry |
Rubus spp |
200-800 |
|
Blueberry |
Vaccinium spp |
350-1100 |
|
|
Rabbit-eye |
350-800 |
|
|
Southern Highbush |
400 |
|
|
Highbush |
800-1100 |
|
Apricot |
Prunus armeniaca |
400-1000 |
|
Chestnut |
Castanea spp |
450-650 |
|
Pecan |
Carya illinoinensis |
500 (300-1000) |
|
Muscadine |
Vitis rotundifolia |
500-1000 |
|
Plums |
Prunus spp |
500-1200 |
|
|
Japanese plums |
500-800 |
|
|
Greengages |
600-800 |
|
|
European plums |
> 1000 |
|
Peach & Nectarine |
Prunus persica |
600-1000 |
|
Pears |
Pyrus spp |
600-1000 |
|
|
Asian Pears (Nashi) |
600 |
|
|
European Pears |
600-1000 |
|
Pistachio |
Pistacia vera |
600-1500 |
|
Kiwifruit |
Actinidia deliciosa |
600-880 |
|
Walnut |
Juglans spp |
700-1500 |
|
Gooseberry |
Ribes spp |
800-1500 |
|
Currants |
Ribes spp |
800-1600 |
|
Raspberry |
Rubus spp |
800-1600 |
|
Hazelnut |
Corylus avellana |
800-1600 |
|
Cranberry |
Vaccinium spp |
About 800? |
|
Grapes - American |
Vitis labrusca |
1000-1400 |
|
Apples |
Malus spp |
1000-1600 |
Specific lower chill varieties that might be more suitable for our region in the short to medium term. Chill hours listed are a guide only. Trees propagated from existing trees that are acclimatised to our climate are likely to do better than those imported from other regions.
|
Apples |
Chill Hours |
|
Fuji |
100-400 |
|
American Dorset Golden |
250 |
|
Anna |
300 |
|
Golden Delicious |
400-600 |
|
Jonothon |
400-600 |
|
Sundowner |
500-700 |
|
Gravestein |
500-700 |
|
Pink Lady |
500-700 |
|
Akane |
500-700 |
|
Granny Smith |
600-700 |
|
Gala |
600 |
|
Red Delicious |
600 |
|
Apricots |
Chill Hours |
|
Newcastle |
<300 |
|
Glengarry |
<300 |
|
Trevatt |
250-400 |
|
Glengarry |
250-400 |
|
Moorpark |
500-700 |
|
Bentley |
500-700 |
|
Peach |
Chill Hours |
|
China Flat |
<300 |
|
Florida Prince |
<300 |
|
Tropic Beauty |
<300 |
|
Tropic Snow |
<300 |
|
Tasty Zee |
250-400 |
|
Florida Gem |
250-400 |
|
Aztec Gold |
250-400 |
|
Florida Gold |
250-400 |
|
Golden Queen |
500-700 |
|
Flavourcrest |
500-700 |
www.small-farm-permaculture-and-sustainable-living.com/growing_fruit.html
http://www.lowchillaustralia.com.au/growers/varieties/Agnote_DPI-479.pdf